Minute Book 3: 1729-May, Part 1: Oswego’s economy

MAIC Reel 1 p. 283: List of expenses for provisioning the fort at Oswego.

The entry for May 5, 1729 is a detailed two page account of the expenses incurred in furnishing the fort at Oswego with provisions and necessities, with a cover letter to the governor asking him to submit it to the New York Assembly for reimbursement.

In Library and Archives Canada’s digital copy of the original minutes, the list of people who had done work related to the fort starts here on p. 283. A wide variety of crafts people, boat men, carriage men, laborers, and others had claims. The list reveals the effort required to transport people and goods up the Mohawk River to maintain English troops at a fortified trading center at a considerable distance from Anglo-Dutch population centers. It also shows that Oswego had become a source of income for many Dutch and Palatine families. Provisioning Oswego would make up to some degree for the income lost when the English cracked down on the direct fur trade between Albany and the Saint Lawrence Valley.

But what about the Haudenosaunee, Mohicans, and other native people living between Albany and Montreal who had derived an income from that trade? One might think that they could have been hired as boatmen, or that the garrison could have bought food from the Haudenosaunee directly instead of importing it, or hired them to work in other capacities that would have funneled English funds into their economies. There are no names on the list that can be clearly identified as native people, and while it is true that a few native people were starting to take English or Dutch names, the Indian Commissioners generally identified them as Indians when writing about them. The rest of the documentation on Oswego confirms the impression that New York bought most goods and services from colonists.

Allowing for some inconsistencies in spelling, more than 60 people from about 47 families applied to be reimbursed. In alphabetical order, they were: Jacob Beekman, Anthony Bogardus, Arent Bradt, Barent A. Bradt, Barnardus Bradt, Eghbert Bradt, Joseph Clement, Johannis Cloet, Adam Condu, Abraham Cuyler, Arent Danielse, Daniel Danielse, Dirck de Garmoy, Jelles de Garmoy, Abraham Douw, Dirck Dumont, Robert Dunbarr, Evert Evertse [Wendell?], Jelles Fonda, John Foster, Harme Grodt, Thomas Harris, Landert Helmer, William Hogan, Evert Janse [Wendell?] Frederick Kipman, Johannis Lansingh, Philip Livingston, Dirck Lucas, Johannis Myndertse, Joshua Perry, William Peters, Peter Quackenboss Jr., Godfrey Reile [Riley?], Guysbert Roseboom, Barent Sanders, Thomas Schoenmaker, Adam Staring, Juria Taxsteeder [Doxtator?], Adam Taxtieder [Doxtator?], Abraham Trueax, Jacob Trueax, Peter Van Alen, Guysbert Van Brakelis, Adam Van den Bergh, Wilhelmus Van den Bergh, Johannes D Van der Heyden, Evert Van Eps, Douw Van Veghten, Johannis Van Veghten, Ruben Van Veghten, Benjamin Van Vlecq, Harmanus Vedder, Jacobus Vedder, Simon Veeder, Jacob Visger, Barent Vroman, Johannis Vroman, Jan Wemp, Evert H. Wendell, and Johannis Wyngaert.

On May 22, the Commissioners submitted a memorial to Governor Montgomerie suggesting a solution to the recurring problems in supplying the garrison at Oswego. They thought it would be easier if the legislature would set appropriate conditions for the job, and then let people bid for it. The work would then be awarded to “the cheapest and lowest undertaker.” They said several people had already made proposals to take on this work. They claimed that farming the work out in this way would be “a benefitt to the Province in general” and even “of great Ease to those who now have the Management thereof.”

They also submitted a second list of expenses for reimbursement, including some of the same names and some new ones as follows: Evert Janse, Casper Ham, Mark Van Buren, Johannis Wyngaert, Dirch Hun, Johannis Roseboom, Johannis Cuyler, William Barret, Arent Danielse, Sanders Glen, Andries Van Petten, and Jan Baptiste Van Eps.

Minute Book 3: 1727-March, Pt. 1: Trading House or Fort? Building at Oswego Will Not Be Easy; A Slave is Prevented From Making a “Path for Other Slaves to Desert.”

In March the commissioners began to implement Governor Burnet’s plan for the new stone building at Oswego by hiring carpenters and masons. They looked for “two old horses” to send up located sources for stone and other building materials. They hired Luykas Wyngaert and William Barret to get boards from “Mr. Coeymans” with which Anthony Bogardus and Cornelis Bogaert built four “batoes,” because canoes would not be suitable for transporting workmen to Oswego.  Finding workmen in Albany or Schenectady was a challenge. Masons and carpenters were expensive and had to be paid for the trip as well as the time at the site.  They also had to be skilled enough with boats to make the journey.  Even the Germans who now lived in the Mohawk Valley above the Mohawk towns were asking high prices.  The commissioners suggested looking to New York for cheaper labor.  They also talked to various individuals about working there, including Adam Smith, Keith and William Waldran, Major Isaac Bogaert, Major and Nicolas Groesbeek.  The new building would play a significant role in Albany’s economy that year.

Captain Evert Bancker was commissioned as “Captain of all the Christians who are going to trade at the fixed trading place” and charged with reining in those who were already venturing to “remote” places beyond the limits set by the legislature. He was also to oversee the construction of the new building. The commissioners warned the governor that the French already knew about their plans and that the Indians were strongly against “any building to be made by us.” They recommended sending Laurence Claessen to interpret for Captain Bancker on a permanent basis, since they did not trust the traders as reliable interpreters.  Bancker was provided with generous presents to persuade the Indians to allow construction to procede.

The proposed building was called a “house” and the rationale for its construction was to protect the goods of the traders. Nonetheless, Burnet thought of it as a counterforce to the French forts, especially Niagara, and from the beginning he planned to have a garrison there. The commissioners asked for soldiers to go up with the workmen to protect the construction from a possible French attack, but the governor did not want to send soldiers until the building was complete.

The commissioners also informed the governor that Captain Bancker had reclaimed a negro woman from the Seneca’s country at considerable expence.  1727-3-25slavepath

The commissioners explained that if Bancker had not laid out more that 20 pounds to get her back, the Senecas would have sent her to Canada where she would “make a path for other Slaves to desert that way.” They asked the governor to repay Captain Bancker. It is tempting to speculate as to whether she had already taken steps to make that path, even though she was not able to travel it herself.

In Library and Archives Canada’s digital copy of the original minutes, the best copy of the entries for March 1727 starts here.